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Quick Reference Guide to the Chicago Manual of Style
Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1996.
Harnack, Andrew and Eugene Kleppinger. Online! A Reference Guide
to Using Internet Sources. New
York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998.
For more information from the University of Chicago Press:
FAQ about
The
Chicago Manual of Style http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic citation systems:
Documentation 1: Notes and Bibliographies (Humanities Style) The note reference follows the passage to which it refers and is marked with a numeral. Notes are arranged numerically either at the bottom of each page (footnotes) or at the end of the manuscript (endnotes). Notes include complete bibliographic information when cited for the first time. The bibliography lists only sources used in writing the paper. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author’s last name and include complete bibliographic information.
Documentation 2: Author-Date Citations and Reference List An author-date citation (Smith 1996) is placed within the text or at the end of a quotation and complete citation information is given in the list of references at the end of the paper. For works by two or three authors, all names are included (Jackson and Jones 1998). For more than three authors, use the name of the first author followed by et al. (Brown et al. 1982). When citing a specific page, figure, section or other element, the page number etc. should follow the date preceded by a comma (Smith 1996, 42). Documentation 2 differs from the first style in the following basic ways. In the Reference List:
The following examples are based on Documentation 1, the Humanities Style. As long as the style used is clear, complete, and consistent, variations and combinations of the two documentation styles are considered acceptable alternatives according to the Chicago Manual of Style (page 649). Consult your instructor for preferences.
Using Italics and Underlining
in Chicago Style
"Chicago style recommends italicizing certain citation elements such
as book and journal titles in printed text. Use underlining if you
instructor requires it or if your typewriter or word-processing
program can't produce italics."
Citation Examples
Following footnotes of the same article:
2. Hanretta, 389.
Bibliography:
Hanretta, Sean. "Women, Marginality and the Zulu State: Women’s Institutions
and Power in the Early
Nineteenth Century." Journal of African
History 39 (1998): 389-415.
Magazine Article (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 576 )
Bibliography:
Rogers, Adam. "Thinking Differently: Brain Scans Give New Hope of Diagnosing
ADHD." Newsweek,
25 December 1998, 60-62.
Bibliography:
Earl, Philip I., Winter 1997. "Building Hoover Dam: An Oral
History of the Great Depression." The Oral Review
24 (1997). Available: ProQuest;
ADDRESS: http://proquest.umi.com/. (May 5, 1999).
Note: The last date is the day you used the online database.
Newspaper Article (Chicago manual of Style, p. 577)
News items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography when using this style. In a work containing both a bibliography and notes, citations to specific items may be given in the notes or in the text and not listed in the bibliography.
Bibliography:
News items from daily papers are rarely listed separately in a bibliography.
(See previous example.)
Authored Book (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 529)
Following footnotes for the same book:
Ibid ("in the same place") is used to refer to a single work cited
in the note immediately preceding:
8. Ibid
When the work is cited earlier but not immediately preceding:
Herdt, 32.
More examples.
Bibliography (one author):
Herdt, Gilbert. Same Sex, Different Cultures: Exploring Gay and
Lesbian Lives. Boulder, Colorado:
Westview Press, 1997.
Note (three or more authors):
9. Mary Jones et al., A History of the
World (Bellingham: From the Beginning Press, 2000).
Following footnotes for the same book:
10. Jones et al., History of the World,
17.
Bibliography (three or more authors):
Jones, Mary, Frank Smith, Alex Jackson and Sarah
Pope. A History of the World. Bellingham: From the Beginning
Press, 2000.
For works having more than three authors, a note citation should
give the name of the first author followed by "et al" or "and others."
The bibliography citation should list all the authors.
Translator, Compiler,
Editor with an Author (Chicago Manual of Style, pp. 535,
559)
Note:
11. Claude Julien, Canada: Europe's
Last Chance, trans. Penny Williams (New York: St. Martin's Press,
1968).
(trans. or ed. or comp.)
Bibliography:
Julien, Claude. Canada: Europe's Last Chance.
Translated by Penny Williams. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1968.
(Translated by, Edited by, or Compiled by)
Chapter or Article in an Edited Book or Anthology (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 535)
Bibliography:
Betts, Hannah. "The Image of this Queene so Quaynt: The Pornographic
Blazon 1588-1603." In Dissing Elizabeth:
Negative Representations of Gloriana,
edited by Julia M. Walker, 153-184. Durham: Duke University Press,
1998.
Electronic or Online Book
Note:
13. Barry J. Gibbons, Gender in Mystical and
Occult Thought, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996),
NetLibrary, 14 February 2000.
Bibliography: Well known reference books
are usually not listed in bibliographies.
Bibliography:
"Salish." Britannica Online. <http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-bin/g?DocF=micro/520/47.html
>
(15 February 1999).
Note: The date in parenthesis is the day you used
the Web site.
Entry from a Specialized Encyclopedia, Dictionary or Reference Book
Bibliography:
Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod, eds. Encyclopedia of the American
West. New York: Simon & Schuster
Macmillan, 1996. s.v. "Cowboy Songs," by Charlie
Seemann.
(Note: s.v. stands for sub verbo, "under the word.")
Reprint Editions (Chicago
Manual of Style, p. 562)
Note:
16. Elsie Clews Parsons, ed.,
American Indian Life (1922; reprint, with an introduction by Joan Mark,
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991).
Bibliography:
Parsons, Elsie Clews, ed. American
Indian Life. 1922. Reprint, with an introduction by Joan Mark,
Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press, 1991.
See pages 561-563
of the Chicago Manual of Style for variations.
Dissertation (Chicago Manual of
Style, p. 587)
Note:
17. James M. Diehl, "Anthropology at War:
World War I and the Science of Race in Germany" (Ph.D. diss., Indiana
University, 2002).
Bibliography:
Diehl, James M. "Anthropology at War: World War I
and the Science of Race in Germany." Ph.D. diss., Indiana University,
2002.
Dissertation Abstract from Digital Dissertations (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 588)
Note:
18. Rosalind Ann Galt, "Redrawing the
Map of Europe: Space History and Spectacle in New European Cinema" (Ph.D. diss., Brown University, 2002), Abstract in Digital Dissertations.
Bibliography:
Galt, Rosalind Ann. "Redrawing the Map of Europe: Space, History
and Spectacle in New European Cinema." Ph.D. diss., Brown University,
2002. Abstract
in Digital Dissertations.
Bibliography:
U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
Oversight
of the Professional Boxing Industry. 105th
Cong., 1st sess., 22
May 1997.
Bibliography:
DeMond, Albert and Gerald Geraghty. The Red Menace. Los Angeles,
Calif.: Republic Pictures Home
Video, 1991. Videorecording.
Note:
21. Hugh Elton, "Byzantine Warfare,"
Warfare
in the Ancient World,
4 April 1999, (23 April 1999). <http://shakti.trincoll.edu/~helton/army.html>.
Bibliography:
Elton, Hugh. "Byzantine Warfare." Warfare in the Ancient World.
4 April 1999.
<http://shakti.trincoll.edu/~helton/army.html>
(23 April 1999).
Note: The first date is the day the Web site was created
or last updated, the last date is the day you used the Web site.
Art Exhibition Catalog Examples
Note: "Authors of forewords or introductions to books by other authors should be omitted from the note citation and the bibliography entry unless the foreword or introduction is the item cited. In that case the author of the foreword or introduction is given first, and the name of the author of the work itself [the artist] follows the title, from which it is separated by a comma and the word by." (Chicago Manual of Style, p. 536)
Citing the Catalog:
Note:
22. Mu Xin, The Art of Mu Xin: Landscape Paintings and
Prison Notes (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 2001).
Bibliography:
Xin, Mu. The Art of Mu Xin: Landscape Painting and Prison Notes.
New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 2001.
Citing the Catalog Introduction:
Note:
23. Alexandre Munroe, introduction to The Art of Mu Xin: Landscape
Painting and Prison Notes, by Mu Xin (New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery, 2001).
Bibliography:
Munroe, Alexandre. Introduction to The Art of Mu Xin:
Landscape Painting and Prison Notes, by Mu Xin. New Haven: Yale
University
Art Gallery, 2001.
Catalog with a Corporate Author:
Note:
24. Art Institute of Chicago, American Art of the Colonies and Early
Republic; Furniture, Paintings, and Silver from Private Collections in the
Chicago Area (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1971).
Bibliography:
Art Institute of Chicago. American Art of the Colonies and Early
Republic; Furniture, Paintings, and Silver from Private Collections in the
Chicago Area. Chicago: Art Institute of
Chicago, 1971.
Citations
Taken from Secondary Sources
(References to the work of one author as quoted in that
of another must cite both works.)
Bibliography:
Moore, Marinda B. The Geographical Reader for the Dixie Children,
103. Raleigh, N.C.: Branson, Farrar and Company, 1863. Quoted in Emmy E. Werner,
Reluctant
Witnesses: Children’s Voices from the Civil War (Boulder, Colorado: Westview
Press, 1998), 53.
For Subsequent References to the Same Source:
When you cite the same work in a subsequent reference, use only the
author’s last name and the page number.
In cases of two authors, use both last names. In case of more than
two authors, use the first author’s last name and the
abbreviation et al. for the remaining authors. In the case of an article
or book without an author, use a shortened
title and page number.
1. Bordon, p. 17.
2. Jones and Smith, p. 91.
3. Somerset, et al., p.13.
4. Civil War, p. 42.
In addition, you may use the Latin abbreviation "Ibid." when citing
subsequent sources that immediately follow the first reference.
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